Michelle Is A Second Grade Student At An Inclusive Classroom

The Student Michelle is a second grade student in an Inclusive classroom. Her twin is also in the classroom and is a special education student as well. Michelle has an IEP and a significant speech and language delay. She is also an ENL student. For math and writing classes, an ENL teacher pushes in. Michelle is pulled out for speech therapy sessions. Michelle was exposed to the following teaching strategies: Teacher-mediated Environmental Arrangements- Most of Michelle’s lessons are presented from a U-shaped table headed by the special education teacher. Here, the student’s are expected to follow the general education teacher’s lesson. The special education teacher sits at this table and follows along with the general education teacher’s lesson plan. When it is time for student’s to perform a task/worksheet, the special education teacher â€Å"guides† the students along. The same manipulatives that are being used by the general education students are provided for the student’s with special needs. The teacher rotates her individual attention from each student at this table. Michelle has a very low voice, almost a whisper, and the special education teacher will encourage her to speak louder and to enunciate. During writing, reading, and testing, Michelle and her fellow special needs student’s are pulled into an adjacent room within the classr oom. Here, the special education teacher conducts the entire lesson. The ENL teacher will push into these lessons daily. InShow MoreRelatedWhat Tools Are Used For Measure School And Teacher Performance?1548 Words   |  7 Pagesnumbers of bad teachers will be tossed out, good teachers will be rewarded, and teacher quality will be raised in classrooms across Indiana. The legislature that was passed last year will evolve in required annual evaluations, that will work by: â€Å"Teachers across the state will be rated 1 through 4, with 1 being the lowest. Those ratings will be based in part on the test-scores of their students (Butrymowicz Elliot, 2012)†. The ratings will come with consequences â€Å"Those who receive ineffective ratingsRead MoreThe Situation of Filipino Children and Young People3366 Words   |  14 Pagesgo hungry and you live with comforts of a house. You are living a good life. There is Michelle 16 year olds. She lives in Payatas. Life is hard in a garbage town. At such young age children collect and sell garbage. Despite the danger they are forced to work. Many have had accidents and died. When typhoon Ketsana came, her house was destroyed. Her mom lost her job. With no house and no money for food, Michelle and her siblings could not go to school anymore. Twelve-year-old Marian is one of the millionsRead MoreHow to Improve Systems5445 Words   |  22 PagesAND CO-REQUISITES: None COURSE CREDITS AND COURSE HOURS: 3 credits (3, 1, 2) GRADING SCALE: Refer to 2011/2012 CNC Calendar, p. 110 COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course introduces the beginning student to the dimensions of professional nursing practice. Through group and individual learning activities, students are introduced to concepts, professional nursing practice, issues amp; trends in nursing, and the Canadian health care system. This course establishes the foundation for your future nursingRead MoreIssues Regarding the Noynoy Aquino Administration3639 Words   |  15 Pagesaddressed first: †¢ If the number of years is the main problem, how come the graduates of private schools, which are in the same 10-year program, are doing relatively much better than their public school counterparts? †¢ How can we have sufficient classrooms, chairs, teachers and equipment for the three additional years when we already have shortages under the current 10-year basic education? How much will the program cost and can the country afford it? †¢ Would the parents who opt to send their childrenRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesresponsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages xvi CONTENTS P R E FA C E What’s New in This Edition? Based on suggestions from reviewers, instructors, and students we have made a number of changes in the eighth edition of Developing Management Skills. †¢ Added new skill assessments in Chapter 1 and a new case in Chapter 3. †¢ Revised parts of the book to reflect suggestions and feedback from instructors and students. †¢ Clarified instructions for scoring skill assessments and updated the comparison data for each assessment. †¢ UpdatedRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesVoice 526 xviii CONTENTS S A L Self-Assessment Library How Spiritual Am I? 531 Point/Counterpoint Organizations Should Strive to Create a Positive Organizational Culture 534 Questions for Review 535 Experiential Exercise Rate Your Classroom Culture 535 Ethical Dilemma A Bankrupt Culture 536 Case Incident 1 Mergers Don’t Always Lead to Culture Clashes 536 Case Incident 2 Did Toyota’s Culture Cause Its Problems? 537 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 Selection Practices

Chickenpox Is A Contagious Disease - 1353 Words

Chickenpox is a disease that is predominantly seen amongst children. This disease is highly contagious and widespread. This is why it is important to quarantine a person with chickenpox right away in a sense. It is important that a person is not near someone with chickenpox. Any kind of direct contact with a person that has never contracted chickenpox will immediately make the person susceptible to getting chickenpox right away. Chicken pox is a disease of the skin that makes the person get crusty pustules all over their body that continuously itch. Chickenpox is a contagious disease that spreads rampantly through direct contact. It is important that the person who is dealing with chickenpox to get a special cream to minimize the itch. The cream should also dry up the pustules that should be getting bigger at first and with the cream getting smaller in the end. Many years ago, children could die from chicken pox if it was extreme. The cure did not come easily. The skin scarring was very prevalent since the designated creams to fix this condition were not predominant as yet. A chickenpox outbreak would be the most prevalent in a school where diseases are bred and contracted readily. This disease can be in someone’s body manifesting itself and not even be visually recognizable. A person can be spreading the disease rampantly till it becomes visible and then the person is known to be quarantined. Adults canShow MoreRelatedChickenpox : A Contagious Communicable Disease1010 Words   |  5 Pages Chickenpox (Varicella) Ashley Ko Towson University Chickenpox (varicella) is a highly contagious communicable disease, which is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Chickenpox causes an itchy blister or rash all over one’s body. Chickenpox can be dangerous especially in babies, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. Chickenpox is usually not a serious problem in healthy children, and if a child develops Chickenpox, they should stay home to preventRead MoreHca250 Motivation and Organizational Culture Paper796 Words   |  4 PagesChickenpox Chickenpox is a common childhood skin disease that caused by a viral infection. The virus that is involved is called the varicella zoster virus (www.medicinenet.com). The disease has a worldwide distribution and is reported throughout the year in regions of temperature climate. The peak incidence is generally during the month of March through May lifelong immunity for chickenpox generally fellow the disease. Chickenpox is highly contagious it is easily passed between familiesRead MoreCommunicable Disease Paper1338 Words   |  6 PagesCommunicable Disease Paper Jennifer K. Rhodes University of Phoenix Public and Community Health HCS 457 Heather Steiner March 14, 2011 Communicable Disease Paper Chickenpox is a communicable disease and â€Å"one of the classic childhood diseases† (National Institute of Health [NIH], para. 1). In the past, when parents heard a child had come down with chickenpox, parents would form chickenpox parties so other children would contact chickenpox and acquire lifelong immunity. Today anotherRead MoreSymptoms And Consequences Of Chickenpox1236 Words   |  5 PagesSome diseases seem simple and commonplace, but people don’t always fully understand how they are contracted or for how long they can spread them. Even those most seemingly harmless diseases can have consequences that lead to hospitalizations, later complications, and death. Education to the public on these diseases is important for preventing their continued spread. Some diseases could be nearly eradicated if people understood the usefulness of prevention techniques and how not to spread the diseaseRead MoreThe Epidemiology of Chickenpox1286 Words   |  6 PagesTh e Epidemiology of Chickenpox The Epidemiology of Chickenpox Epidemiology can be defined as the study of health patterns and causes within a given population. The nursing field that works with these populations to identify causes and preventative measures is known as public health nursing or community nursing. These nurses seek to identify specific data that help a targeted population deal with the incidence and prevalence of certain conditions (Mauer, Smith, F, 2013). Just likeRead MoreChicken Pox1511 Words   |  7 PagesChickenpox Epidemiology Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V June 7, 2014 Chickenpox is disease caused by the virus varicella-zoster. It is most common in children under the age of fifteen but still possible for older children and adults to obtain. Chickenpox appears as an itchy red rash all over the body, the rash can turn into fluid filled blisters other symptoms include, fevers, headaches, tiredness, and loss of appetite. Chickenpox is very contagious and can be spread even when there areRead MoreChickenPox Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesas shingles in adults. Chicken pox is very contagious and can easily spread to people. Chicken pox is acquired by coming into contact with the fluid of a chicken pox blister, or airborne by an infected person sneezing near you. The blister-like rash usually lasts five to ten days. The incubation period lasts 10-21 days and a person with chickenpox becomes contagious one to two days before their blisters appear. The person with chicken pox remains contagious until all the blisters have crusted overRead MoreChickenpox Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Have you ever had chickenpox? If so, you probably had red, itchy bumps, and a fever. Whether you have had chickenpox or not, I will explain to you everything you need to know about this common childhood illness. What is Chickenpox? Varicella or as you might know it as chickenpox is a virus which causes red, itchy blisters which spread all over your body. Chickenpox is most common in children. In Fact, it was considered a childhood rite of passage because it was so common accordingRead MoreChicken Pox Epidemiology1385 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will give an overview of the varicella-zoster virus. This paper will also discuss the detriments of health from the chickenpox virus. The epidemiologic triangle will be outlined as it depicts the chickenpox virus. The aspect of the community health nurse will be discussed and information on a national organization for infectious diseases will be provided. Chicken pox and shingles are caused by the virus varicella-zoster. The varicella-zoster virus is spread through the air by coughingRead MoreCommunicable Disease Chicken Pox1260 Words   |  6 PagesCommunicable Disease Chickenpox Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V May 01, 2016 Communicable Disease Chickenpox Here is some background on varicella-zoster virus. Chickenpox and Shingles used to be considered two different diseases, but they are both caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (CDC chickenpox, 2016). Varicella is the primary infection that causes the chickenpox and the herpes zoster is the virus that lays dormant in the host until

Salutatory Address Free Essays

Salutatory Address Fellow graduates, schoolmates, parents, teachers, beloved principal, guest speaker, good afternoon! It is the day of commemoration; indeed, all of us are gathered here to recognize our 6 years of struggle, hardships and enjoyment as pupils. A new chapter of life for each and every one of us will now soon unfold, yes; this is not the end but the beginning of new adventures in the bigger world. Our journey maybe longer than our elders, but these longer years will take us to a successful life we wanted. We will write a custom essay sample on Salutatory Address or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are already halfway done, will you be discourage because of another 6 years run? We must not! Every single one of us has something to offer, and we have responsibility to ourselves to find out what that is. That’s the opportunity an education can provide, thus K-12 program is milestone where anyone can shine on their own. This program offers us a variety of fields which we can choose for ourselves. Fields where we can enhance our giftedness, environment where we can fit in, and visualization of ourselves for the next 15 years will be clear view. Where you are right now doesn’t have to determine where you’ll end up. No one writes our destinies for us, you will write your own destiny. We make our own future. We need every single one of us to develop our talents, skills and intellect so we can solve our most difficult problems. If we don’t do that – if we quit on school – we’re not just quitting on ourselves, we’re quitting on everyone around and looking out for you. Whatever you resolve to do, please commit to it. We have to really work at it, devote in it, and make every way you could think of to achieve it, because education is always there to offer guidance and enhancement all we have to do is be passionate about it and do not take chances for granted. We may be parting ways today, but I know in the next future we will see each other as professionals, which K-12 helped us to be. In behalf of the graduating class of SY 2012 – 2013, I am proud to welcome you all in the 45th closing exercise of our alma mater Goito Pimentel elementary school. Once again, good afternoon. How to cite Salutatory Address, Essay examples

Contemporary Strategy Analysis Techniques and Applications

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Strategy Analysis for Techniques and Applications. Answer: Introduction: Cost leadership and differentiation are two major sources of competitive advantage which companies can use to supply a product at low cost or it can be used to supply a differentiated product and thus have pricing power over others.(Grant, 2007) Walmart has used its cost cutting to develop a moat by using innovative warehouse systems with flexibility in regional warehouses, analytics and doing studies on consumer. Also it uses innovative inventory system to bring down working capital cycle by paying to vendors late and procuring from them. This gave it leadership in terms of cost.(Brown, 2006). Amazons CEO once said, There are two kinds of companies: Those that work to try to charge more and those that work to charge less. We will be the second.But, JC Penney is example of how the same strategy backfired. The everyday low pricing strategy with coupons kept sales high but customers got used to it. So, when coupons withdrawn and prices were lowered it was compared with Amazon and the company fell to pieces. Apple is the success story of differentiation which it used in the form of great design, innovation, successful branding with their advertising campaigns and designs of Apple store. Also, they have created an ecosystem of Apple that provides with huge cross selling opportunity while keeping brand intact. On the other hand, Blackberry could not survive long. It had differentiated itself with its quality, its keyboard features and inner chat circle of Blackberry. But, with the changing times and coming of touchscreen phones it did not take steps to come out of its comfort zone and differentiate. It was stuck to old technology and its differentiation once an asset became the reason of its demise. (Savov, 2016) References Grant, R.M. (2007)Contemporary strategy analysis: Concepts, techniques, applications. 6th edn. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Brown, M. (2006)How did Wal-Mart attain a cost-leadership position?Available at: https://www.worldhistoryblog.com/2006/09/how-did-wal-mart-attain-cost.html (Accessed: 7 December 2016). Savov, V. (2016)BlackBerrys success led to its failure. Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/30/13119924/blackberry-failure-success (Accessed: 7 December 2016).

Gladiator Movie Analysis

How to Make a Histogram in 7 Simple Steps

How to Make a Histogram in 7 Simple Steps A histogram is a type of graph that is used in statistics. This kind of graph uses vertical bars to display quantitative data.  The heights of the bars indicate the frequencies or relative frequencies of values in our data set. Although any basic software can construct a histogram, it is important to know what your computer is doing behind the scenes when it produces a histogram. The following walks through the steps that are used to construct a histogram.  With these steps, we could construct a histogram by hand. Classes or Bins Before we draw our histogram, there are some preliminaries that we must do.  The initial step involves some basic summary statistics from our data set.   First, we find the highest and lowest data value in the set of data. From these numbers, the range can be computed by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value. We next use the range to determine the width of our classes.  There is no set rule, but as a rough guide, the range should be divided by five for small sets of data and 20 for larger sets. These numbers will give a class width or bin width. We may need to round this number and/or use some common sense. Once the class width is determined, we choose a class that will include the minimum data value. We then use our class width to produce subsequent classes, stopping when we have produced a class that includes the maximum data value. Frequency Tables Now that we have determined our classes, the next step is to make a table of frequencies. Begin with a column that lists the classes in increasing order. The next column should have a tally for each of the classes. The third column is for the count or frequency of data in each class. The final column is for the relative frequency of each class. This indicates what proportion of the data is in that particular class. Drawing the Histogram Now that we have organized our data by classes, we are ready to draw our histogram. Draw a horizontal line. This will be where we denote our classes.Place evenly spaced marks along this line that correspond to the classes.Label the marks so that the scale is clear and give a name to the horizontal axis.Draw a vertical line just to the left of the lowest class.Choose a scale for the vertical axis that will accommodate the class with the highest frequency.Label the marks so that the scale is clear and give a name to the vertical axis.Construct bars for each class. The height of each bar should correspond to the frequency of the class at the base of the bar.  We can also use relative frequencies for the heights of our bars.

How The Immigrants Get Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How The Immigrants Get Success - Essay Example She fled from El Salvador and now she is going to study art at UC Davis. How could she experience such immense success? I think that immigrants reach their American dream because they carried out three essential tasks: finding some support, being confident, and having a firm determination. To succeed in America the first important key to success is finding some support. You may not know how valuable support can be. The truth is that an immigrant will not succeed without at least some kind of support. Let me show you how it works. First of all, there are many kinds of support, such as financial, practical, and emotional support. Support can come from family members, friends, or workmates. Most immigrants feel helpless when they first arrive in the U.S., but they are usually hopeful. In addition, building a new life in a strange and foreign country is not easy. The reality is that as the time goes by immigrants will begin to feel hopeless if they do not get the necessary support. Howev er, if you are supported then you will be strong and confident because you can overcome many difficulties and also have more time to do other things, such as building your American dream. One person who illustrates the importance of support is the young immigrant named Bich. She came from Vietnam and became a successful woman who was also very kind and knowledgeable. Through her memoir, it was revealed that her step-mother and real-father neither inculcated nor took care of her. She felt sad and even sometimes wanted to escape from the house. However, she found loving support from her grandmother Noi. Noi was a harbor of refuge for Bich, as she gave Bich food when Bich was hungry and provided privacy for Bich. Therefore, Noi made Bich’s childhood easier and much happier. This warmed Bich’s heart so that she had a higher expectation of the future. Bich has become an established writer, having published three books. It could be said that this is all due to her grandmothe r’s support. To sum up, support can act as oxygen for a new immigrant. If you already have support then you must be more confident than before. The next essential key I am going to talk about is confidence. You might find that every successful man is confident because he acts with confidence. Perhaps you are wondering how confidence can help you to be successful. Every morning you must face a mirror, and when you look at yourself in the mirror, what do you feel? If you are a confident person then you will think you look good today. This means you are happy when you are on your way to work because you believe in your abilities and trust that you can finish your work nicely. If you are confident then nobody is going to doubt your decisions or actions because they trust you due to your confident behavior. A 17-year old boy named Lester escaped from Cuba by windsurfing more than 80 miles. He planned to escape when he was a kid because he believed he had a very good skill and coul d do this thing perfectly by himself. Before he escaped, he made a detailed plan and practiced windsurfing a lot. He didn’t tell anybody before he left Cuba. He did everything by himself, and this is very confident behavior. He escaped alone yet successful, and Lester became famous after he arrived in America. Confidence is extremely important in almost every aspect of your life because it generally leads to success, and this is something that immigrants are striving for. If you have support and confidence then

Progress report Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Progress report Memo - Essay Example In addition, I have applied general social work frameworks at the organization. The main emphasis has been on assessing the adequacy of services to the mentally ill East Africans and other populations affected by mental illness. I have also developed a clear understanding of the general social work identified with the organizations work objectives. Additionally, I have applied some of the problem solving techniques that I have learned. This includes assessing the situation and evaluating individuals with the mental illness. I have recommended the use of peers as a solution to some of the problems. However, I have not been able to use intervention as a strategy towards finding a solution to these people. I have a plan to integrate with mentally ill East Africans fully, that is, in their lifestyle so that I can identify what exactly is the cause of their mental illness and the challenges they face in

Veteran's Affair Services Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Veteran's Affair Services - Research Paper Example Veteran’s Affair Services When one hears the term ‘veteran’, a perception of its meaning encompasses regular definitions found in the dictionaries, to wit: â€Å"a person who is long experienced or practiced in an activity or capacity† (The Free Dictionary, 2011, par. 1); â€Å"an old soldier of long service or a former member of the armed forces† (Merriam-Webster, 2011, par. 1). In contrast, the Federal definition the term is explicitly stated as â€Å"any person, who served honorably on active duty in the armed forces of the United States† (Veterans’ Agent, 2011, par. 1). These definitions confer that a veteran is a person who has rendered particularly long service, as honorably classified, in the armed forces, not only in the United States, but in other governments as well. ... In this regard, the main purpose of the research is to proffer a study of how Veteran's services affects criminal justice in the United States. Particularly, the objectives of the research are as follows: (1) to present a detailed history of the creation of Veteran’s Affair; (2) to provide a presentation of the mission statement of the social agency; (3) to present financial reports or summaries of the operations of the social agency; (4) to proffer a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the social agency, which includes, but is not limited to: details on how the specific agency interacts with the Criminal Justice System, the services provided, the training of critical personnel, and the motivation of the agency to provide services; (5) to present a commentary on ways in which the social agency could improve its effectiveness towards its social goals; and finally, (6) to provide a prediction concerning the future of the social agency and its impact on the criminal justice system. Historical Background The history of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the US was traced in the year 1636 when a war existed between the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony were at war with the Pequot Indians and a law was enacted by the Pilgrims indicating the support pledged to disabled soldiers (US Dept. of Veterans Affairs: History, 2010, par. 1). The following historical details are presented in tabular form for concise structural arrangement, and sourced from the Dept of VA: History (2010): DATE SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 1776 During the Revolutionary War, Continental Congress encouraged enlistment of soldiers through the provision of pensions to disabled soldiers. 1811 The Federal Government authorized the first domiciliary

Norms and values

Norms and values The purpose of this document is to research, from a sociological perspective the norms, values and socialisation that is essential for family, society and culture. These key attributes provide the individual with key skills, behaviours and habits necessary to enable participation within their own society observing the rules and boundaries established within their Norms and Values and modifying and changing behaviours throughout their life time The Culture of Society is the way of life of its members; the collection of ideas and of habits which the learn and transmit from generation to generation Ralph Linton Norms are the social and cultural guidelines by which we live our lives, and both knowingly and unknowingly conform and comply too during our life time. Out norms are key attributes that define our behaviours and can determine the groups and individuals, social acceptance Or non acceptance. We learn how to behave through a complex combination of stimulus Visual, Oral and Sensory. As we grow in our mental maturity and awareness, the influence of family, environment and culture, combine to define our Norms. These key developmental elements combined, influence and determine, personal and social interactive abilities developing social skills to recognise social boundaries, acceptable behaviours and responses. Therefore our Norms are intrinsic to our development, our personal behaviour, and social acceptance. Key aspects of our Norms are: Convention Being a standard, non culturally specific element within the Norms of convention. An example being that an individual is expected to follow the rules which are an established expectation of behaviours, within the context of conventional social acts and responses. An example of a culturally specific Injunctive Norm is when a Cultural belief, such as polygamy is accepted as a Norm. This is defined as Culturally Specific as this practise is not legally practised or recognised within the Western Society. An exception could be the Mormons, who have Sects that practise polygamy, based mainly in America. The main Mormon Church The Latter Day Saints, no longer advocates such practise, although there are certain Mormon Fundamentalists Sects, whose religious fundamental belief systems adhere to the original writings of Brigham Young. Within many Muslim cultures, a husband can legally take more than one wife. This practise is not recognised legally with Western cultures. Sociological Values may be material or nonmaterial, internal or external. Values and beliefs are culturally specific Given this the evaluation of their respective value is specific to the individual or group. An example might be, when an individual uses their Core value system, they relate into either a cultural or belief system that is specific to the influences within their social Norms and Value origin, group or society. Ultimately Social Norms and Values cover a wide range of Sociological study. Example of Cultural Values defined: Sociological Norms and Values under stress from changes, can impact an individual, group, society or cultural perspective. Change or deviation when combined with poor or irrational judgement that sits outside the Norms and Values of either, a specific Culture or Belief System, can have a mired level of impacts. Therefore Norms and Values can and do change. What may be acceptable as an individual would not necessarily be acceptable at group level. Differentials on the range of what would be acceptable within their own personal attitude and value system is specific. Change to an Individuals Norm and Values can be challenged by the individual on the basis that the Worth or Value is not acceptable to them because it fails to resonate within them as acceptable as a Social or belief Value. Alternatively if may present as an abstract Value and hold no specific desirability. Values are abstract in nature and general. A cultures values are its ideals about what is good, right, fair, and just. Sociologists disagree, however, on how to conceptualise values. There is a conflict theory that focuses on how values differ between groups within a culture. The National Centre for social research annual report for 2009 indicates that the British values are changing the full report is available at (http://www.natcen.ac.uk/pzMedia/uploads/Downloadable/da9c4be7-da86-410a-9176-3b362fb4f1ba.pdf) the 2009 survey consisted of more than 4,000 interviews with a representative, random sample of people in Britain. It finding have shown that change in societys values is g enerally slow and is impacted by the media and other external stimuli. Functional sociologist Talcott Parsons noted that Americans share the common value of the American work ethic, Whilst this is most certainly a cultural social observation which encourages hard work. Herbert Spencer one of the first British Sociologists stated that Society exists for the benefit of its members, not the members for the benefit of society. Common values within western societies are based on materialism, and money, although reliance on science and technology, and the role of democracy and freedom are key norms and values that exist although these can change during stressed and unexpected change. A culture may have conflicting values; an example would be that value of materialistic success may be in opposition to that of charitable acts. Equally the value of social equality may be in opposition to that of the value placed on the individual state. This can be explained as a contraction in what people say, what they really think, and what they do. Social pressure to confor m can be a deciding factor, as individuals own norms and values system will be a sub conscious factor in that decision making. So when does socialisation begin; its starts as soon as we are born and ultimately ends with our death. As soon as a child is born, primary socialisation begins. In every instance of social interaction, a child can uses this period as a learning experience particularly in terms of cultural concepts of identity, social roles, and norms of behaviour. The very young child is totally reliant on its parents or carers. The baby will initially respond to the external stimuli provided by parents or carers. The main senses initially used by the child will be responsive, such as when they are hungry, in discomfit, or want human contact/ touch. They will respond to sound and vision this is important time for child/parent/carer socialisation this represents a very emotional time, and the close bonds of love and loyalty, which in theory will last a life time, are established. As chronological development of the child takes place, by the age of two, a child will be in procession of a rudimentary set of primary skills and behaviours. The child will be able to copy its parents and siblings, and will be learning a wider set of social skills these will be both culturally specific and socially generic. The socialisation of the child within its own society and culture will be established during an intense period of self development and awareness; children acquire a sense of their self. This is an important developmental milestone that occurs between 18/24 months. Psychologist Jean Piaget defined the fact that children progress through clear stages in their ability to think. The Sensorimotor Stage, which is from birth to age two, is when the developing childs reliance on touch for information about it surrounding world is the most commonly used of the childs developing skills. They will also experience the tactile warmth from parent/carers and will also gain stimulation and development from, copying, gestures and actions taste is also a key action of the developing child , and they will put most objects to their mouth, toys, food and potentially anything they can get their hands on. This period represents a time of great discovery and learning socially, and is part of the set of primary socialisation skills, which are prerequisite key developmental milestones. The next stage as described by Piaget is the Pre-Operational Stage. This stage generally starts between ages Two to Seven. Children now have the ability to think symbolically, that being to relate in abstract or via simple symbols. However they cannot perceive the world from another persons perspe ctive. This period also differs from later ones, because it is a time when children learn through hands-on manipulation of objects through copying, play and trial and error. When a child reaches the Operational Stage, ages of 7-12, Young children can now begin to think and reason rationally and logically. At approximately age seven or eight children enter the age of reason, when they can manipulate their own ideas, and apply learnt concepts. A child will now possess the ability to independently interact and abide to a set of social rules and boundaries. They achieve this via the mediums of school, social, family, cultural settings. Children are able to rationalise, apply logic, use and interact with media, and participate in debate verbally. Children are able to recognise self, which is an important milestone in self development: as is the ability to recognise their place socially and culturally. Finally a child moves to the fLogical Stage at ages 12 and on. The child and young adol escent, are capable of complex abstract, logical thought. They are able to have reasoned logical discussion, reach decisions based on fact, and are able to initiate and formulate argument and debate. They have a fully developed sense of self within their family, society and culture. The family plays a significant and defining role in the primary socialisation of a child. The family acts as the primary socialising agent for the first few years of life; however Socialisation in the family varies greatly, and can be dependent on Social, cultural, ideological and ethnical differences. Within Britain, the structure of family has changed; there are more working class single parents families, who have no immediate family support available to provide child care this has resulted in child care providers having a far greater role in childhood socialisation over the last 20 years. One of the most important primary functions of the family is to produce and reproduce biologically, socially and culturally-however, producing children is not the only function of the family. A childs perspective is that the family is its core and primary socialising agent; however the family perspective is one of responsibility, to provide the growing child with the necessary skills and knowled ge in their socialisation and acceptance in their common culture. From the parental/carer point of view the family is the central nucleus that provides the care, learning, development, social, cultural education: the goal of which is to socialise and incorporate cultural ideologies and values in their children. However there are many variants in societies and cultures, which place more emphasis on the sexual division of labour, marriage, and the resulting relationship between family groups and the economics. An example being; that child labour is still practised illegally and openingly in Asia, and parts of Africa. Many of these countries have poor economies and the communities and families require a child to work to contribute to the household or village this can be the difference between life and death. Equally the value of a male child may be greater than that of a female child, as in many cultures, males are preferred for financial and social reasons. In time of hardship cultures such as the Eskimos would practise infanticide, if they were lacking enough food or provisions, this was a decision made on the basis that males contribute more, as they grow in to hunters and support the community, where as a females contribution was seen as less valuable to the community. As in family, education is an important agent of socialisation and the school environment is a formal agent of socialisation. The purpose of education is to socialise children in selected skills and knowledge, preparing them with so that they can build on the skills and knowledge acquired, as they grow and mature. The formal education system in England starts at Playschool for ages 2-4 this is now a socially acceptable form of early socialisation. The child then progresses to a more formalised, yet still free play, Reception Class- these are mainly attached to a primary school, which the child then transition into thereby keeping the social group intact. Primary education provides a child with a formalised approach to learning. The child will learn new social rules and boundaries; these will build on the norms and values that they have been taught by their parents/carers. The family influence is still very strong, as these age groups are heavily dependent upon their family. The chi ld continues its primary socialisation via classroom activities, playing, and school social interaction, within its peer group. The peer group becomes important, as it is based on a childs ability to interact, make friends and socialise the pressure to conform and be accepted, increases with age. There are many reasons for this: such as social standing IE: family wealth, material possession, ethnicity, extrovert /introverts behaviors and the pecking order of favorability within the peer group. Exclusion from a peer group is a highly stressful and can be initiated by the school due to behavioral or attendance issues these issues would require remedial agreement and action between the school, child and parent. Wider involvement of care agencies, such as educational psychologists and family welfare social workers, would be required if the family were found to be unable to function or cope, due to a verity of social or financial reasons. An example being: a male child of 4 with undiagnosed ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) who in reception class could not settle, presenting as disruptive, Impulsive, restlessness with a high level of hyperactivity and an inability to concentrate or focus for any period of time. ADHD will often present as inattentiveness, and will prevent a child from learning and will stunt their socialisation if not addressed. This child was excluded from school at 5 years old. At this point a wider most specialised group of social, education workers worked with the parents, and school, after ADHD was diagnosed. Once the appropriate level of medication (Ritalin- commonly used for ADHD) was prescribed, an immediate change in behaviour was evident. A plan of resocialisation and integration was applied, and an educational statement was issued by the local educational authority. This ensured the funding necessary for one to one support, and additional help required to enable the child to be educated and resocialised. One of the key learning aids for this child reintegration was the use of media the use of media in the home and school, leisure environments have become an integrated part of contemporary life. Such is the impact of Media, that it has become a dominant agent of socialisation. Children are exposed from a very early age to media; examples being a music DVD, Television or Computer games which can be interactive, educational and agility based. Multimedia is used in a variety of ways within the family, and is seen a key aspect of socialisation and development. Equally Multi Media is used within the formal setting of school and is used regularly as part of an Educational programme. There have been negative aspects in attributed to media and the violence seen in games, music, TV and film. Secondary Socialisation is the wider process of learning; a child learns what is expected of them, and what is acceptable/appropriate behaviour, for them; within a small group that is part of a larger society and culture. Secondary socialisation represents a new developmental stage, and is generally associated with teenagers and adults. The social changes we experience are different to those of primary socialisation. An example would be, starting a new a level of education at college or university, relocating to a new environment or a change in social status or society. Some students may be transferring from a rural community to a more urban environment, whilst others may be international students being socialised to the British way of life. Others may be mature students without any prior higher educational experience. Moreover, any social structure can act as a socialising agent. For example, the work environment socialises the employees to conform to their way of business and their culture. In most organisations employees have clear responsibilities to respect authority, adhere to corporate policies, and work hard in exchange for financial compensation in the form of income and status promotions. Also, the wider public venues we all go to; such as shopping centres, libraries, hospitals, football matches, act as social interaction and educate us about new boundaries and constraints thereby influencing our behaviour. When considering the norms of behaviour, of passengers on airplanes; those of a diner at a Michelin Star restaurant; or the fans at a Rugby or Tennis game. We all conform and adapt without conscious thought a large percentage of our lives this conditioning allows us to move in a complex structure of Culture and Society. The secondary socialisation process is crucial particularly in times of stress and change. Transition from infancy to childhood to adolescence and adulthood are all companied by a socialisation process that is designed socially an d culturally to give the individual, all the skills necessary to grow and co-exist. If the process of secondary socialisation fails, due to internal or external factors, the individual may not be in possession of the necessary social or cultural skills to cope logically and rationally. This situation could lead to a change in their values and social group. As an adult we experience the socialisation process through changes in careers, family structure, personal relationships, interests, such as politics. As our lives continue, we move to retirement age, the changes in family and career are now viewed differently; our priorities change, as situations such as being, unwell, or alone take precedence. The extended older family highlight the changing cultural values in the socialisation process. With the introduction of media, older generations, are now learning and experiencing new experiences of information and communication, which is a new form of socialisation for them. This is a new agent of socialisation and is a powerful teacher and influencing agent within the context of socialisation, second only to Family. The media plays a significant role in shaping the social attitudes and social behaviours of our children and adolescents Parents do exert the most influence on children; however the mass media can be considered secondary agents of socialisation. For example, viewing of advertisements is related to lower self-esteem and depression among children who come from low-income families. It is likely that children feel bad about themselves because they cannot have the products that are advertised on television. Media and Marketing work hand in hand to influence our views We are targeted as either specific social groups, age groups and economic groups specifically to sell Products and Services. What we buy, where we buy, how we spend, and who we vote for, is heavily influenced by a range of Multi Media. Such as The TV, internet, Radio, advertising in magazines. Gender identity is one of the most important elements of our sense of self. Some aspects of gender identity are rooted in our biology, such as our physical strength. However most of our gender identity is culturally defined. As we grow and age we develop our self awareness, and how we should relate to others, and the role we play in a larger society. The lessons children learn and the processes through which cultural norms are passed from one generation to the next is known as socialisation. Gender socialisation shows that there are roles, or cultural expectations and norms, which are associated with each sexual classification Sociologists make distinctions between sex and gender. Whilst sex is based on biological factors, gender is the based on cultural factors that stereotypically construct different social roles for men and women. Therefore Gender socialisation is the process through which males and females learn gender specific appropriate behaviour, dress, personality character istics, and demeanour. While gender socialisation is an ongoing and lifelong the majority of the sociological theories tend to focus on early childhood socialisation, as the key factor in Gender determination Four such perspectives are the psychoanalytical, cognitive development, social learning, and social interaction perspectives. In all societies there is a need for resocialisation of an individual. Resocialisation is a sociological concept dealing with the process of mentally and emotionally re-training an individual so that they can exist in an environment other than that which he or she is used to. Examples of a need for Resocialisation such as the release from prison, mental health institutions and the Army ; New recruits into the army are encouraged to bond, so that they can operate as a cohesive unit and then the process is reversed for those who may have become institutionalised by their experiences in the socialisation process. Without appropriate support and counselling, mental health problems could present. Equally if an individual have been institutionalised due to lengthy incarceration because of illness or a criminal offence such as Murder: a staged plan of integration would be required, to allow assimilation and resocialisation to take place in society. Bibliography: Themes and perspectives sixth edition References Emile Durkheim http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim Brigham Young http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham_Young Examples Cultural Values http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26852.html>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialization#Types http://www.communicationencyclopedia.com/public/tocnode?id=g9781405131995_chunk_g978140513199518 http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resocialization http://www.natcen.ac.uk/study/british-social-attitudes-25th-report/findings http://thinkexist.com/quotation/the_great_aim_of_education_is_not_knowledge-but/198665.html

The Natural History of Mahogany :: Botany

The Natural History of Mahogany Swietenia macrophylla and S. humilis are referred to as Mahogany, a tropical evergreen or deciduous tree that can attain heights of 150 feet. Mahogany is a member of the Meliaceae, which includes other trees with notable wood for cabinet making. Swietenia macrophylla is world renowned for its beautifully grained, hard, red-brown wood. It has been harvested since 1500 A.D. for its wood, with large branches being in higher demand than the trunk. This is due to the closeness of the grain in the branch's wood. Mahogany is used for furniture, fixtures, musical instruments, millwork, cars, ships, boats, caskets, airplanes, foundry patterns, veneer, and plywood (Hill, 1952). In Costa Rica, the only population of Mahogany exists in the Guanacaste-Puntarenas region where the tropical dry forests occur. Both of the species' ranges overlap in this region, with Bigleaf Mahogany, S. macrophylla, extending from the Bolivian Amazon up the Atlantic and Gulf Coast to Mexico, while Pacific Coast Mahogany, S. humilis, ranges from Mexico down the Pacific Coast to 9 degrees N in Costa Rica. The two species defy taxonomy and interbreed to form a hybrid. The hybrid grows quicker than either parent species, has intermediate characteristics, and high quality wood (Everett, 1982). Mahogany is never very abundant, even in undisturbed forests, with a density of only one tree per hectare. This, along with the destruction of tropical forests has added to the growing scarcity of Mahogany. The normal habitat of S. macrophylla and S. humilis is lowland tropical or subtropical forest, with average annual rainfall totals between 1 and 2.5 meters. If the tree is in tropical moist or wet forests, it will lose its leaves briefly. However, in tropical dry forests, such as Guanacaste, the tree will be leafless for a few months. Mahogany has pinnately-compound leaves composed of 4 to 6, ovate-acuminate leaflets. The leaf is often without a terminal leaflet. The bark has vertical scales, giving it the appearance of Silver Maple or White Oak bark. The flowers are imperfect, with greater numbers of male than female flowers. Each flower is small, yellow-white, and borne in a panicle at the end of the dry season. The fruits of the Mahogany will ripen during January-March in the Guanacaste region of Costa Rica. They are 4 to 6 inch woody capsules which contain up to 40 wind-dispersed seeds, similar to those of an Ash tree.

Religious responses to the verification principle have been largely unsuccessful Essay

‘Religious responses to the verification principle have been largely unsuccessful.’ Evaluate this claim. (20 marks) The Verification Principle claims that it is meaningless to talk about God and ethics etc, as these cannot be verified using empirical evidence or scientific experiments. There have however been many responses to this theory, for example the falsification principle. This is a theory developed by Anthony Flew who says that for a statement to have meaning it must be able to be proven false. So that not religious meaning. This theory is similar to the verification principle but just to prove something wrong instead, however it’s a stronger argument, as it does not go beyond our understanding of God and religion. In response to the falsification principle, R.M Hare criticised it with his theory of the ‘blik’, which is an individual’s own personal opinion and meaningful statements. He says that you cannot falsify the blik because it holds meaning to the individual. Christians will think in their minds that God is good; this is their own thought so we cannot prove their ‘blik’ wrong. However, Flew replies to this criticism saying that this is not relevant and cannot be applied to religious language as it has not happened in real life, just in someone’s mind. Another response to the verification principle is the Via Negativa; this is a theory that suggests that to fully understand what God is we need to say what he isn’t. In addition, Moses Maimonides said that positive statement such as ‘God is powerful enough to lift a rock’, limits God because we are comparing Him to a human and assuming we know what He can do. This is a cogent argument because we cannot understand properly a God we have never seen before, we can only imagine our own personal God and when we die we will then be enlightened with the real God, if there is one at all. However, St Thomas Aquinas rejected the Via Negativa as he believed that there are positive things to say about God. He argued that the only we way we can legitimately speak about God is using analogy. This involves making a comparison between two things, one is familiar and helps us understand another thing and both have similar meanings. He gave examples such as, the analogy of proportion and attribution. However some philosophers criticised this, such as Richard Swinburne who suggested that sometimes words could be used univocally about god. However if you say God is good, this could mean the same way humans are good. Therefore Aquinas is using the word good univocally Aquinas’ theory of analogy is a strong argument as it doesn’t limit God or use ambiguous language. Another response to this that involves the meaning of religious language is symbol. There are many symbols that have meaning to religious people and non -religious people. For example the star of St David for Jews and symbols such as the first aid cross which obviously does have a meaning. However, some symbols change over time for example, the Hindu symbol of peace was adapted by Adolf Hitler to produce the infamous Swastika that reminds people of sadness and death. So it raises the question whether symbols are reliable or not to show meaning. To conclude, I think there are a few reasonable responses to the verification principle such as the falsification principle, as this does not limit God to our understanding but we can still talk about Him. Also the doctrine of analogy is a strong theory as we can compare one thing to another thing we are familiar with without properly describing the unfamiliar thing and this makes it easier for us to understand. However, symbols can often be misinterpreted and lead to confusion, as they don’t say enough about God and religion for people to fully understand.

Black Slang Essay Example

Black Slang Essay Example Black Slang Paper Black Slang Paper Cameron White Writing 1 Section 30 11/8/10 Mellissa Fabros Ebonics and its Handicap on Society In today’s African American community, many speak and use a different form of â€Å"standard† English. Ebonics is a form of English that was established by the early US slaves in search of a reliable means of communication. During slavery, there were laws which mandated that any person caught teaching a slave to read or write could be fined and/or put in jail. This left them to fend for themselves and create their own form of communication. As time has progressed, the Black slag, known as Ebonics, is recognized by many as a less sophisticated form of English. From a linguistics stand point, the use of this slang leads to a negative reflection on the people within the African American culture. And it should be noted, this can be said for any culture within a society’s norms for language. The use of Ebonics merely handicaps the African American society and limits their success and respectability among the educated world due to its negative connotations and perceptions. Discussions revolving around Ebonics, and other types of slag for the matter, seem to evoke much emotion in people- and let’s face it, there are pros and cons on both sides of the debate. For the purposes of this paper, an emphasis is placed on the cons of the use of such slag. â€Å"The term Ebonics (a blend of ebony and phonics) gained recognition in 1996 as a result of the Oakland School Board’s use of the term in its proposal to use African American English in teaching Standard English in the Oakland Schools. The term was coined by Robert Williams in 1973, but it wasn’t until the Ebonics controversy that Ebonics became widely used. Most linguists prefer the term African American English as it aligns the variety with regional, national, and sociocultural varieties of English such as British English, Southern English, Cajun English, and so forth† ( cal. org/topics/dialects/aae. html, November 7, 2010). According to Garrard McClendon, author of book entitled â€Å"ax or ask? † this is a critical issue facing today’s black youth, leaving them unable to infiltrate the professional arena. Formal written and spoken modern English, and the African American slang share the majority of the same root words but differ in the pronunciation as well as many words in general. Although it is technically the same language, the understanding of Ebonics does not equate to formal English in most cases. Leon Todd, A successful African American business owner, stated the following, â€Å"†¦Ã‚  standard English determines ones career success and failure. † In order to obtain a successful career in the educated word it is necessary to practice the correct form of modern English. The majority of the black youth is grown up speaking this form of slang on a day to day basis. Children growing up around this slag terminology and vulgar terms, make it extremely hard on the African American youth of this era to make the transition from one of informal language to the standard English of the educated world. In this day and age this transition is not made priority in the homes of these African Americans. An African American individual who speaks the formal English language has countless opportunities in the educated world. In contrast, Blacks who speak the form of language known as Ebonics are mostly limited to bottom-tier careers and most cases, poverty. It is vital for this transition to be made mandatory in every house hold in the Black community. Ebonics has become prevalent in main stream media. Lately, this form of English has influenced the music business in rap and pop songs. The Hip Hop Industry has become one of the most widespread and effective promoters of this form of speech. This has become a heated issue with in the black community. While the Black youth idolizes these rappers, they are merely crippling the youth’s ability to achieve their fullest potential in the intellectual society of America. These children listen to the music and are inclined to speak like the songs they hear on the radio. As this defected language continues to thrive in the world of hip hop, similar language habits are spread among the population. The recent uprising in the African American upper class can be explained by their understanding of the formal English language and willingness to adapt to the education American population. Recently we have witnessed the first black president in the US. As he speaks out to the millions of listeners nationwide he uses his precise language to move his ideas to the argument he is trying to convey. Barack Obama uses the Standard English language to appeal to the sophisticated world in America. When comparing a person of African descent using the Black English to one who is using the formal form of English a clear line is drawn. This line makes a clear distinction between the upper class and the lower class. Speakers of Ebonics do not receive the respect in formal atmospheres as those who speak the traditional forms of English. Almost all major industries are built around the standard form of English. The justice system is just one example. For example, a black American speaking formal English to a judge will typically get a much better response then one using a strong Ebonics dialect. This may cause controversy among the black community but it is a reality. This is why you don’t see many lawyers using the word â€Å"nigga† or â€Å"dog†. The situation may even sound comical to the everyday person. However, the impact this defective language has on the African American society is far from comical; it limits their overall ability to success in certain atmospheres. Although the language seems to hold back the African American population, positive reflection on the history of the dialect conveys a different message. The creation of Ebonics is somewhat praised in the black community for how it was established. The early slaves of this country accomplished a great feat by creating a way of communication amongst each other without any input from the English speakers of that time. In fact communication between the slaves was not allowed and even enforced violently by the slave owners. From this perspective, the African American population can stand proud of their ability to create an effective form of communication- but only for that purpose and time period. The simple fact is that the form of English an individual speaks categorizes them. One might say the dialect an individual speaks makes more of a sociological impact than the actual race of that person. This is an important fact when taking into consideration an individual’s means to success. However, I am not saying the entire dialect of Ebonics should be eradicated. There is a time and place for everything. For example, In the workplace it is necessary to use formal language, but in a casual environment, the use of black slang English may be appropriate. The Black society of America as a whole will take a giant leap forward toward success when they come to this realization. Ebonics is a wide spread dialect among the black community. Speakers of this dialect suffer consequences in the grand scheme of life- many of which impact their social status, limit career opportunities, and often present situations of poverty. Therefore the breakthrough of a new, even broader age of professional African Americans continues to be held back by the past influence of this slang dialect known as Ebonics. The African American population of today needs to stop and take initiative in appealing to the educated world through the eradication of their root slang and speaking the standard language of the professional world. Opportunities would become limitless to the African American Society as a whole in this country with the asset of a strong foundation of formal English.

Free Essays on Nietsche

Nietzsche believes the origins of morals coincide with "how responsibility originated"(pg147) with the breeding of "an animal with the right to make promises" (pg 145) and progressed to the manipulation of one group of humanity by another in order to implement morals. It is an attempt to develop an explanation for the existence of ethics and morals. For him, morality and responsibility could only come to exist by these means. In the earlier part of his essay, he speaks of forgetfulness and how it is a â€Å"positive faculty of repression† (pg 146) and portrays the inability to forget to a type of mental indigestion. If it were not for forgetfulness then men could not cope with remembering all of the events of their life. However, Nietzsche does believe that memory can be useful in the case of promises because it is the will of the individual that retains the memory. In order for the individual to maintain his promise and ordain the future, man must first undertake and complete the prehistoric labor which Nietzsche has termed â€Å"morality of mores† (pg147). This intends that man should be made calculable, regular, and necessary. However these are only a means to an end. The true outcome of the labor is the â€Å"sovereign individual †¦ with the right to make promises† (pg 148). Therefore responsibility and promise are the rights of the individual because he posses a free will, control over himself and his fate and therefore has the power to ordain the future through promise. This responsibility becomes so profound that it becomes an instinct, an instinct which the sovereign individual calls his conscience. Therefore the significance of Nietzsche’s statement human beings are animals â€Å"with the right to make promises" (pg 145) is a metaphor of the progression of man from a primitive beast to the sophisticated individual capable of shedding his humble beginnings in morality and manipulating the future through promise.... Free Essays on Nietsche Free Essays on Nietsche Nietzsche believes the origins of morals coincide with "how responsibility originated"(pg147) with the breeding of "an animal with the right to make promises" (pg 145) and progressed to the manipulation of one group of humanity by another in order to implement morals. It is an attempt to develop an explanation for the existence of ethics and morals. For him, morality and responsibility could only come to exist by these means. In the earlier part of his essay, he speaks of forgetfulness and how it is a â€Å"positive faculty of repression† (pg 146) and portrays the inability to forget to a type of mental indigestion. If it were not for forgetfulness then men could not cope with remembering all of the events of their life. However, Nietzsche does believe that memory can be useful in the case of promises because it is the will of the individual that retains the memory. In order for the individual to maintain his promise and ordain the future, man must first undertake and complete the prehistoric labor which Nietzsche has termed â€Å"morality of mores† (pg147). This intends that man should be made calculable, regular, and necessary. However these are only a means to an end. The true outcome of the labor is the â€Å"sovereign individual †¦ with the right to make promises† (pg 148). Therefore responsibility and promise are the rights of the individual because he posses a free will, control over himself and his fate and therefore has the power to ordain the future through promise. This responsibility becomes so profound that it becomes an instinct, an instinct which the sovereign individual calls his conscience. Therefore the significance of Nietzsche’s statement human beings are animals â€Å"with the right to make promises" (pg 145) is a metaphor of the progression of man from a primitive beast to the sophisticated individual capable of shedding his humble beginnings in morality and manipulating the future through promise....

A Good Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Good Life - Essay Example This positive vibe helps in accomplishing our dreams and whatever we want to achieve at a certain point of time. Another method that can be helpful is trying to concentrate on our strengths rather than our weaknesses. Once we are aware what we are capable of, we become confident, this confidence in return helps us to become happy and satisfied. Satisfaction is something which is lacking in us today. We are always craving for more and more. The ongoing hunger to get more and more takes away our happiness. Let us take a simple example in this context. A rich man is never satisfied and always tensed, the reason being that he is greedy to have more. He can never be content and happy. Where as a poor man realizes that he cannot achieve much in his life and he is content with what he has and never tries to get more. He is happier compared to the rich man. So, we can understand one thing that luxury cannot give us happiness or in other words, one does not need to be rich to lead a good life . A simple life is important to lead a good life. Another important thing that needs to be kept in mind is that we should never hold on t our past, rather we should let it go. The past cannot be changed but holding to it will definitely ensure that we ignore in building a better future. One should learn from the past and try to be better prepared for the future.

The government should prohibit the production of cigarettes Essay

The government should prohibit the production of cigarettes - Essay Example With this information, the essay affirmatively agrees that the government should prohibit the production of drugs, especially in the European Union and the Netherlands. Smoking cigarettes has adverse effects especially on the health of the smoker. Smoking reduces the health of an individual by affecting nearly every organ in the body. Smoking causes chronic obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis (Ruiz, Strain, & Lowinson, 2011). Research has shown that, smoking of tobacco causes more death every year compared to other diseases such as HIV/AIDS and motor vehicle accidents. This is because smoking tobacco causes lung cancer, which is incurable if not noticed at its early stages. Tobacco is an addictive drug so once the user starts using it becomes hard for him or her to stop thus causing adverse negative effects on the health of the user. Smoking of tobacco causes different types of cancer they include cancer of the esophagus, kidney cancer, cancer of the la rynx, cancer of the oral cavity, stomach cancer and bladder cancer. Cigarette smoking has adverse effects on early childhood and reproduction especially to women who smoke. It causes infertility, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and stillbirth (King & Brucker, 2011). Research has shown that women who smoke have an increased risk of hip fracture compared to women who have never smoked. Recent research has shown that, students who smoke perform lower than students who do not smoke (Ruiz, Strain, & Lowinson, 2011). This is because smoking causes mental disorders especially among the college students. It also causes depressive disorder, which generally affects the students’ performance. The National Institute on Drug Abuse in their research concluded that, smoking causes mental disorders especially among young adults and adolescents (Lapointe, 2008). College students who smoke are likely to participate in behaviors, which pose great health effects. Smoking of cigarettes result s to respiratory infections and asthma. Exposure to environmental tobacco has also adverse effects to both the smokers and nonsmokers. The environmental protection agency classifies it as a group, a carcinogen. This carcinogen causes lung cancer to both smokers and nonsmokers. This means that, cigarettes affect both smokers and nonsmokers because of the release of harmful substances from the cigarettes such as ammonia, nicotine and carbon monoxide. With these effects there is a need to implement measures to prohibit the production of cigarettes. In the Netherlands, there are laws that have been set to prohibit smoking tobacco in public transport and public building (Blanpain & Anderson, 2005). In the year 2004, the Netherland government said that, every employee has a right to work in a smoke free zone without being affected by smoke from the other people. In the year 2008, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in Europe was the first smoke free airport. This means that, the government worked towards prohibiting the smoking of cigarettes in public places. The smoke free law applied to all public places in the Netherlands, especially in hotels and restaurants (Rom & Markowitz, 2007). In the Netherlands, all forms of sponsorship, promotions, and advertising of cigarettes were prohibited. This ensured that cigarettes did not have a

Strategic Financial Management business report Essay

Strategic Financial Management business report - Essay Example ally the company was engaged in many businesses but with passage of time, it concentrated on the beverage business and divested other business like Pillsbury and Burger King. At present the company’s portfolio consist of mainly alcohol based beverages. Presently the company is operating many major strategic business units (SBUs) like spirits, Beer and Wine. Among them the most extended one is the spirit SBU because it comprises of many sub units like Scotch whisky, Vodka, Ready to drink, Liqueurs, Whiskey, Rum, Gin and Tequila. To understand why spirit SBU is so vital for the company, its last year’s sales break up has to be undertaken. As per the Diageo’s annual report 2007-08, the company’s is to focus on its premium drinks as these are the major source of income. In the last few years, the company’s revenue has increased marginally, but operating expense has also gone high. Thus Diageo has made a strategy to enhance its operating profit along with growth in organic sales. From the very beginning, the company has followed an aggressive acquisition strategy. At present the company has its operation in different part of the world, where they have strategic partnership with many other players of this industry. When a company plans for enhancing the profitability, its main motto remains increasing the shareholders value. In the last year certain changes has came in the consumption patter in alcoholic beverages in different part of the world, hence the company will target the growing market of alcoholic beverages in BRIC countries. Undertaking all these facts and figures, the company has planned to continue its cost cutting strategy. Diageo will continue to operate under four business areas, it will develop its local brands and to overcome the growing pressure from governments, it will come forward and will promote responsible drinking of alcohol, also participate in reducing the misuses of alcohol (Diageo-b, 2005). To analyse how successful were the

Shakespeares Presentation Of Kingship Essay Example for Free

Shakespeares Presentation Of Kingship Essay In Henry The IV Part 1 The Transformation Of Prince Hal Is Central To Shakespeares Presentation Of Kingship. Looking At Two Different Scenes In The Play, Explore The Ways In Which Shakespeare Analyses Issues Related To Kingship And How Each Would Appear To Its Elizabethan Audience William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in the town of Stratford upon Avon. He died in 1616 but is still today one of the most renowned playwrights of all time. He has written 37 different plays in many different styles, for example comedy, history, tragedy, roman and others. Further more he is responsible for revolutionising English drama and hence culture through both his poetry and drama. He wrote plays that would have appealed to the Elizabethan people this is why his plays are written in the rich language that was used at the time. His main audience would have been common people who could not read or write so for entertainment they used imagery. Elizabethan people would have either gone to the theatre, gone bearbaiting or cockfighting; this was their idea of entertainment. Henry the IV Part 1 is based on a true story set in 1399 and is centred around the idea of kingship. This is due to the fact that the Elizabethan public of the time were very interested in the lives of the nobles and the idea of kingship. Even though it is set in the past the play is clearly designed for the Elizabethan public as it represents the end of the old politics and the start of the new capitalism over feudalism. The key characters in the play are: King Henry Bolingbroke (Henry the IV) Prince Hal Bolingbroke (Son of the king heir to the throne) Harry Hotspur (Son of the earl of Northumberland) Sir John Falstaff (Prince Hals companion) The play is set in two worlds. The so-called honourable life of the court, and the dark world of the tavern. Each with their prospective rulers for; the court the ruler is King Henry, and for the tavern the ruler is Sir John Falstaff. In between these realms sitting in the middle is the Prince, Hal caught up between the desire to please his father and his own whims. He cannot go too far down the easy road of dishonour nor can he be too much like his father for then he will be the right kind of king. There are two scenes, which I feel show the transformation that overcomes Hal and in which Shakespeare depicts to his audience the beginning of the end for Falstaffs realm. These are. Act II scene 4 and then Act III scene 2 The first scene that I believe is appropriate to analyse that shows the beginning of the transformation within Prince Hal is Act II Scene 4. This would have been one of the most humorous of all the scenes to the audience of the time as it holds many punch lines and represents a mockery of the crown. The scene starts with an example of Falstaffs deceptive nature, when he claims that he and his group of robbers were attacked by an ever-growing group of thieves who drove them off and won the stolen chest. What Falstaff doesnt realise is that the group of thieves that drove Falstaffs group away were none other then Prince Hal and his friend Poins. When they reveal this fact to Falstaff and tell him that they know he is lying and that he fled like a coward, Falstaff thinks fast and makes up another excuse claiming that he knew that it was Hal and he ran so he didnt need to hurt the Prince. This part of the scene is filled with banter and so would have been very appealing to the audience. The most influential part of this scene is were Prince Hal and Falstaff act out what they feel the king will say in his interview with Hal in the morning. Firstly Falstaff plays the king and Hal himself. Falstaff as king demands Hal to exile all of his friends who lead him astray except Falstaff who he claims is most noble of carriage. When Hal hears this he deposes Falstaff and makes himself the king. This is a highly ironic moment as the way in which King Henry Hals father came to power is by deposition. This time Hal acts more serious though it is clear banter is involved when he says there is a devil haunts thee in the likeness of an old fat man. This is the first time through out the play in which Hal reasons with himself and opens up and says it is Falstaffs fault that he is the way he is. Hal finishes his criticism of Falstaff with the naming of the man so far in the kings favour Falstaff that old white bearded Satan. Then Falstaff pleads on his account to Hal claiming that he is valiant and sweet. He then begs Hal not to banish Falstaff from the company of Hal. Falstaff (as Prince Hal). Falstaff banish not him form thy Harrys company. Banish plump jack, and banish the world Hal replies with the famous line. Prince Hal (as the king) I do, I will This concludes the play interview. The reason I feel that this shows the beginning of the transformation that turns Hal from the mad cap Prince into the heir to the throne is because I feel that at the point where he plays king he realises that eventually he will become king and that he will have the responsibility to banish people from his presence if they do not give him the correct direction. The insult of calling Falstaff the white bearded Satan indicates that he is the lord of the under world and the king of deception and lies. The most important line in this scene is (Hal) I do, I will as it shows the impending rejection of Falstaff, because for Hal to become king he must reject sin and corruption. These are the things, that Falstaff stands for. One way in which Shakespeare gets his message across to the audience is by using iambic pentameter. This is when he writes in lines of 10 syllables 5 are stressed and 5 are unstressed. Shakespeare uses the iambic pentameter to show when nobles are speaking. For a working class character then he uses ordinary prose. The way we notice this is that Hal is the only noble that doesnt speak in iambic pentameter this represents that Hal is not yet immerged in his proper role at the court , he is more in touch with the dishonest world of the tavern. The next scene that I feel is influential is Act II scene 4. This is the scene wherein the actual confrontation between the king and his rebellious son where they tell each other how they feel. The scene starts with the king ordering all lords to leave the room so that he and Prince Hal can talk in private. The king starts by demanding of God weather he is being punished for his taking of the crown and killing of the rightful king and if Hal is his punishment. Hal then says that most of the wrong things he has been accused of are just mutterings from newsmongers. King Henry rebukes this and demands Hal to be loyal to him , in addition he compares him to Richard II the skipping king who ambled up and down with shallow jesters . Hal says that he will be more like himself but Henry is still incensed and then says And even as I was then Percy is now. Now by my sceptre, and my soul to boot, he hath more worthy interest to the state than thou the shadow of succession. Hal tells his father that he will kill Hotspur and so take all of his glories. King Henry then gives Hal some money to raise an army and lead it. The main thing that is clear throughout this scene is the disappointment of King Henry and the fear that Hotspur will depose him. During the interview Hal starts to talk in iambic pentameter and this could show his initiation into the noble world leaving behind his old common world. Throughout the interview it is plain that King Henry sees himself in Hotspur and fears it because he believes if Hal were King then a rebellion would be appropriate. In addition he sees Hal as a Richard figure as he acts like a fool, by mingling his royalty with capering fools. More over he also sees Hals companion Falstaff as a threat not only because he is a bad role model but also when Hal becomes king he might give Falstaff some authority and he might abuse it or even worse might usurp Hal. This scene would have been very interesting to the Elizabethan audience, as they would not have seen a king in such a way in which they are not happy. It is unlikely that they would have realised that the monarch that they see is not the same behind the closed doors of a room, it would have intrigued them to see a family incident. In conclusion I feel that the scenes that I analysed were influential in the final result of Hal as he ended up King Henry V, who was one of the most renowned king of all time. This play shows the two worlds, which make a great king, I feel that if Hal had not experienced the world of the tavern then he would not have turned out as he did. For to be a great king Hal could not follow any of the role models presented to him. He couldnt follow down the path of Falstaff, as it was dishonest. He could not either follow his father the king as he both usurped and caused a rebellion. And he could not follow in the footsteps of Hotspur, as he was to blood thirsty and brash. So the mix between the world of the tavern and the court was just appropriate for the young Prince. And indeed he brought a balanced perspective to his role.

The Christian Faith Is Intrinsically Missionary Religion Essay

The Christian Faith Is Intrinsically Missionary Religion Essay David Bosch in his book Transforming Mission makes the point that The Christian faith, I submit, is intrinsically missionaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this dimension of the Christian faith is not an optional task: Christianity is missionary by its very nature or it denies its very raison detre  [1]  . The author makes us understand as Christian Youth workers it is a fundamental requirement of our belief for us to engage in the mission of God by been a witness to the world. Gods mission which he gave to us in Matthew 28 known as the great commission must be the key and driving force behind the work we do with our young people. As youth workers we need to be aware that in order to fulfil the great commission we need to develop ourselves biblically and have a passion to evangelise every young people in our local community as well as the whole world. Bosch stated that There is church because there is mission and not vice versa.  [2]  Through its nature and vocation, the church is a missionary community; hence mission is intrinsic to the very life and calling of the church. Moltmann also argues in support of Bosch that Mission does not come from the church; it is from mission that the church has to be understood.  [3]  Hence our youth club or group exist due to Gods wider mission. Our youth group needs to understand that we are called to be the agent of Gods missionary task in whatever community we find ourselves and as quoted by Bosch God is a miss ionary God, Gods people are a missionary people.  [4]  Folmsbee also argues in support of Bosch that Mission is an attribute of God thats best understood from Gods narrative. God is a missionary God, and therefore mission must be seen as Gods movement into the world. Thats the exact opposite of how its often viewed, which is that mission is the primary activity of the church.  [5]  In order to sustain their faith in the mission and in Gods work, those in the ministry believe that the mission work belongs to God and that they are simply his instruments working in the world. In order to discuss how the evangelistic task directed at young people fits into Gods wider mission, we need to have a clear understanding of what mission is using Bosch as the main reference point by unpacking his quote The Christian faith is intrinsically missionary. This essay will be looking at a variety of sources drawn from the Bible and Christian literature to establish what is Gods wider mission, how we can tailor our assignment toward the young people using Christ ministry as the model for our outreach programme in the Christian youth work. What is Mission? Bosch stated the term mission assumes a sender, a person or persons sent by the sender, those to whom one is sent, and an assignment.  [6]  In the book of John 20: 21, we see the missionary mandate of Jesus which he passed to his own disciple As the Father has sent me, I am sending you.  [7]  Christianity has always been an evangelical religion, where believer go out into the wider world and spread the message of the Gospel in order to bring all of humanity into the kingdom of Heaven. Ever since the fall, Gods mission on earth is to return a fallen mankind to his presence, fully redeemed. Thus, He sent Jesus to earth to minister to the people before being sacrificed for the sins of the world. In the word of Bosch while citing the work of Herings, mission is, quite simply, the participation of Christians in the liberating mission of Jesus, wagering on a future that verifiable experience seems to belie. It is the good news of Gods love, incarnated in the witnes s of a community, for the sake of the world.  [8]  Frost Hirsch supported Boschs argument by stating we will see the church differently no longer as a religious institution but as a community of Jesus followers devoted to participating in his mission.  [9]  As youth worker we need to begin to see our work with the young people as us participating in the mission of God by fulfilling the work of reconciliation and restoration of all creation back to Him and also bringing hope to the world. Any aim different from this thus means that God is not at the centre of our mission but us trying to do our own agenda. It is okay for youth workers to have an agenda but the sole purpose must be for our young people to encounter the good news, Booker writes we need à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to try to connect our missions with Gods agenda and activity in mission  [10]  . It is very vital that as youth workers that we are very clear about what the mission of God is all about before we engage the yo ung people in it. Bosch referring to Aagaard writes Mission was understood as being derived from the very nature of God. It was thus put in the context of the doctrine of the Trinity, not ecclesiology or soteriology. The classical doctrine on the mission Dei as God the Father sending the Son, and God the Father and the Son sending the Spirit was expanded to include yet another movement: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit sending the church into the world.  [11]  Hirsch Frost argues that we need to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦through the paradigm of the mission Dei to find the sent and sending God.  [12]  As part of the evangelistic task, youth workers need to beginning to help the young people find God through Jesus in the work that they do with them, through the teaching, worship, prayer and all our activities. A classic example that the youth worker can use will be the Lords prayer in Matthew 6 vs 9 -13, Jesus taught his disciple how to see the father through the model of prayer. In the pluralistic society there is a need to get the young people to believe in the word of God. However, in an age of rising secularism, the current focus of the youth worker is to reach out to the young people before they completely form a secular/humanist belief system or get taken in by other faiths in their search for meaning. Youth worker need to help the young person to know how to belong in order to get a taster of the relationship with Jesus because in belonging they encounter God which is the whole purpose of the mission Dei.  [13]   The Christian mission is about incarnation and crucifixion, and they both go hand in hand. Incarnation is about meeting people were they are with the gospel of the cross. God showed us the example to follow when he sent his Son into the world to pay the price for our sin. The gospel of John chapter 1:14 states The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth  [14]  Hirsch stated if Gods central way of reaching his world was to incarnate himself in Jesus, then our way of reaching the world should likewise be incarnational  [15]  As youth workers, we need to begin to identify with the young people we are working with or trying to reach by moving into their world so that we are able to clearly see their challenges and struggles in order to know how to effectively direct our missional task of reaching them for God. Frost argues that we must take seriously the call to live incarnationally-right up close, near to those whom God desires to redeem.  [16]  This was further argued by Hirsch(s) that as youth worker we need to move out of our normal religious zones into our local community and be part of it, this may mean going into the school or anywhere were the young people gathers and guide them to find the redeeming grace of God.  [17]  As stated by Dave Newton, we need to get alongside young people and their needs in order to demonstrate Gods love.  [18]  The youth workers will work with them rather than work for them in their journey of making a decision regarding faith. According to Bosch, The churches, by and large have an underdeveloped theology of the incarnation [while] the churches of the east have always taken the incarnation more seriously  [19]  mission Dei has now been submerged under the liberation theology. The liberation theology is about the people to the structure while incarnation theology is for both the unique message of Christ and the messenger to be incarnated within the culture being reached. Paul summarise the incarnational message in 1 Corinthian 9: 19-23 that for the sake of the gospel he will become all things to every tribe, people or culture as long as he is able to win as many as possible. Graham Cray writes Youth ministry has become a matter of cross-cultural mission. It involves entering into the young peoples world and honouring them by taking it as seriously as they do.  [20]  As youth workers, we need to be creative and imaginative in our missionary work amongst the young people, in the way we present the message of the cross to them; we need to help them to find Christ [were they are] and equip them to be agents of his kingdom.  [21]  The whole message of the New Testament is Christ making an effect on humanity through the redemptive power of redemption. John 3:16 show us how the ever giving God through incarnation brought Christ out to the whole world. In summary, Incarnational ministry essentially mea ns taking the church to the people, rather than bringing people to the church.  [22]  We dont have to do church the way we have always done it  [23]  , youth workers needs to take the gospel to the place where our young people are based in our local community [most especially in the current changing trend in youth culture] that is church needs to be done inside out as the previous trend of let them come to us will not work with the current culture. Mission as Evangelism is essential for creating communities of believers. Bosch gives a good definition of evangelism when he writes Mission includes evangelism as one of its essential dimensions. Evangelism is the proclamation of salvation in Christ to those who do not believe in him, calling them to repentance and conversion, announcing forgiveness of sin, and inviting them to become living members of Christs earthly community and to begin a life of service to others in the power of the Holy Spirit  [24]  25Paul, in his ministry, ensured that the new Christian community would have a solid ethical and moral framework for making decisions. In a world where religious competition was extremely high (with the large number of pagan cults), a theological framework was absolutely necessary to spread the Christian faith that way, parents could be the first to evangelize their young people and pass a complete model of faith downward through the generations. It is possible that such a com plete framework led to the eventual dominance of Christianity in Europe and its endurance in modern times when there was no longer any threat of convert or be killed and pagans are no longer burned at the stake. The thoroughness of Pauls mission practice is that he was not content merely with evangelism and church planting but was concerned to build mature communities of believers who could think biblically through the ethical issues they faced in the ambient culture.  [26]  Bosch was very clear when he said that Evangelism is only possible when the community that evangelizes is a radiant manifestation of the Christian faith and exhibits an attractive lifestyle.  [27]  Our youth people do not just want to hear words from us but wants to see us live out our lifestyle in a way that attracts them to the faith we are proclaiming. James 2 verse 18 But someone will say, You have faith; I have deeds. Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by what I do.  [2 8]   Youth workers need to understand that for their missionary task towards the young people to have impact, relationships must be developed amongst the young people. Jesus our role model kept reminding us of the relationship he had with his own Father, the whole of his ministry on earth flowed from this relationship with the people he encounter (Christians and non Christians alike) as well as his disciples. The whole of the New Testament shows us that relationship is very important in our mission to impact the life of our neighbours and to reconcile the broken relationship with the Father. Sudworth et al citing Mike Breen writes, Relationships are the only means we have of enabling and encouraging young people to reach maturity in their physical, emotional, social and spiritual lives.  [29]  Youth workers need create an environment or community where they could practice the presence right under the young peoples noses; we need to look for ways to make God present for the young peopl e we are serving. Hirsh made us understand presence highlights the role of relationships in mission. If relationship is the key means in the transfer of the gospel, then it simply means we are going to have to be directly present to the people in our circle. Our very lives are our message and we cannot take ourselves out of the equation of mission.  [30]   The kingdom of God was central to Christ wider mission. Word Count: 5438

huck finn :: essays research papers

Martin Luther King Jr. The achievements of Martin Luther King Jr. For his people and other nationalities that led to his death.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Influenced by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leader of the Civil Rights Movement and non-violent campaign of the 1950’s and 60’s.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Created the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957 to direct the Civil Rights Movement.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His non-violent movements were successful and ended segregation in the south as well as other parts of the United States.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His march in Washington was the largest protest demonstration and his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech came from it.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for promoting non-violent tactics.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Led the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wrote ‘Letter from Birmington Jail’ showing his moral philosophy.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was assassinated on April 4, 1968 by James Earl Ray Jackie Robinson, a great and historical baseball player. Jim, a run-away slave in search of freedom. Both share many of the same qualities. Among them are, they both broke color barriers. One broke the color barrier in the game of baseball, while the other broke it in a book. But both of these heroes are intelligent, courageous, and caring. All these qualities listed equal an ideal hero, whether it might be a real of fictional hero. The first and most important quality a hero needs is intelligence. Both Jackie Robinson and Jim had that. They each carried it out and showed it differently, but they were both intelligent. Even though one was a professional baseball player and the other a runaway slave, they both were intelligent in their own unique way. They both did what their mind told them and accomplished the goal that they wanted to achieve, even though one was real and the other one wasn’t. Jackie Robinson showed his intelligence through his actions. He was not only a great baseball player, but also a good businessman and executive. While he was on the baseball field, he had many fans that loved him and some many who hated him. But he didn’t let them stop him from pursuing his career. Many people who didn’t like him, threw rocks and bottles at him just because he was black, and even sent him death threats to him in the mail. But unlike many people, he did not fight back, instead he ignored them and proved that he was the greatest baseball player at that time: â€Å" Jackie Robinson did not merely play at center stage.